Apart from the great advantages of microwave assisted reactions, there are also a few drawbacks. 微波輔助反應除了有很大的優勢，也有一些缺點。

Microwave synthesis is not easily scalable from laboratory small-scale synthesis to industrial multi kilogram production. 微波合成不易從實驗室小型的合成擴展成工業級的數公斤生產。

The most significant limitation of the scale up of this technology is the penetration depth of microwave radiation into the absorbing materials, which is only a few centimeters, depending on their dielectric properties. 這項技術在規模放大的最大限制是微波輻射在吸波材料的穿透深度，它只有幾釐米，取決於其介電特性。

The safety aspect is another reason for rejecting microwave reactors in industry [90]. Table 7 shows the work carried out for bio-diesel production from various feedstocks under different conditions using microwave irradiation. 安全方面是微波反應器被拒絕在工業應用的另一個原因[90]。表7所示是使用微波輻射於不同的情況下，從不同原料執行生物柴油生產。

3.7. Ultrasound assisted transesterification 超音波輔助的轉酯化反應
Ultrasound has proven to be a very useful tool in enhancing the reaction rates in a variety of reacting systems. It has successfully increased the conversion, improved the yield, changed the reaction pathway, and/or initiated the reaction in biological, chemical, and electrochemical systems [98]. Ultrasound is defined as the sound of a frequency beyond that the human ear can respond.

在各種反應系統中，超音波在提高反應速率上已被證實是一個非常有用的工具。它成功地增加了轉換、提高產量、改變反應途徑，和/或啟動在生物的、化學的和電化學的系統的反應 [98]。超音波被定義為一個頻率的聲音是在人類的耳朵可以回應之外。

來自: http://tw.knowledge.yahoo.com/question/question?qid=1511122605302

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